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Political Psychology
Research, Inc.
71 East 15th Avenue • Eugene, Oregon 97401 • Tel: 541-686-9934 • Fax: 541-485-5702
William A. McConochie, PhD.
William A.
McConochie, PhD.
The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull
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PPRI Publications

Dr. McConochie has written up his research findings in several manuscripts that are all available on this web site. They can be downloaded for personal use but not for resale.

Our publications are described below and include both documents and videos you can view online, download, or order. You'll need Adobe Reader to view our documents. Videos are in Quicktime format.

The publications on this site vary from essays to reports of research findings by the author. Most have not been peer reviewed. The content in most of the publications has been shared in one form or another in papers presented at professional conferences, primarily at the International Society of Politcal Psychology. Several papers have been sent to journals for publication, with only one, on the psychology of ecology, being accepted. I address concerns of manuscript reviewers in my subsequent studies. For example, I have replicated some of my key findings on large random samples of Oregon citizens and U.S. citizens, as reported in Publications # 39 and 41. I continue to send manuscripts to journals, as time and energy permit.

1. Warmongering and Warmongering-Proneness as Psychological Traits : A peer-reviewed professional research paper on warmongering and warmongering-proneness as psychological traits. Includes scores for G. W. Bush, John Kerry, Jimmy Carter, Gandhi, Mandela, Hitler, and others.

74 pp.

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2. Religious Beliefs for War, Peace and Species Survival . 45- page peer-reviewed paper on religious beliefs, two types that underlie war and peace alternately in the service of species survival. Are there grounds for a meta-religion? 45 pp. PDF
3. Making Peace: Psychological Origins of Violence-Proneness, Warmongering and a New Democracy . 286-page peer reviewed book manuscript. 31 chapters on these topics, research findings providing empirically supported theory on these three topics, all of which are related to each other. Copies of this book manuscript can be printed and bound for sale by the author in volume, e.g. for use in teaching. 286 pp.
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4. Political Psychology Research Instrument manual . A manual of 22 psychological trait measures used in research. Reliability and validity statistics and scale items. Scales for warmongering, warmongering-proneness, sustainability endorsement, human rights endorsement, religious fundamentalism, kindly religious beliefs, public democracy endorsement and many others. Four main scales are translated into French, German and Spanish. 67 pp.
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  Political Psychology Research Instrument manual-- Translated (Survey only). To help facilitate international research, key psychological trait surveys have been tranlated into several languages. German
Spanish
French
5. Political philosophy review and comment paper : A review of the history of political philosophy to show similarities between major recommendations by great philosophers and the current mission of PPR, Inc. Would Jean Jacques Rousseau approve of a scientific approach to designing government? Would Jeremy Bentham have liked a political party based on public opinion polling? 27 pp PDF
6. Research Report #1 Summer '06: Value of Religion. A study of the personal value of religion to persons of fundamentalist and kindly religious beliefs types and endorsement of meta-religion services. Implications for political campaigning. 18 pp
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7. Research Report #2 Fall '06: Government Service Preferences. A study of what citizens want from government ; attitudes about political parties; interest in a new party; relations to political traits of pro-social and anti-social import. What the people want from government and which types of people don't care. Implications for raising tax revenues and allocating government funds. 20 pp
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8. Authoritarianism Endorsement Scale -- MANUAL 10 pp
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9. Warmongering and related traits essay . 5 pp.
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10. Comment on April 16,2007, Virginia Tech student homicide. Short essay . 1 pp.
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11. Research Report #4: A Comprehensive Measure of Warmongering as a multifaceted but primarily unitary trait; Response sets as a concern in questionnaire construction. 12 pp.
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12. Essay: Working Model for a World Meta-religion, (WMR). 9 pp.
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13. Lecture video formerly available on YouTube no longer available. N/A
14. Lecture video formerly available on YouTube no longer available. N/A
15. Manual for the McConochie 44-item Warmongering Scale; A Multifaceted but primarily unitary measure of warmongering as a psychological trait.

8 pp.
PDF

16. Research Report #5: Sixteen Variable Study: Antisocial Traits, Religious beliefs and Desired Government Features.

7 pp.
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17. Exploration of the Victoroff Oppression Questionnaire

13 pp.
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18. Ten questions about the meaning of democracy;

Answers informed by the science of political psychology.

4 pp.
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19. Manual for McConochie Constructive Leadership Attitudes Scale (McCLAS) The scale is a tool to help size up candidates for political office, with the intention of protecting nations from anti-social political leadership and promoting pro-social leadership.

3 pp.
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20. Essay on Psychologist Ethics This paper consists of highlight opinions and suggestions arising out of involvement with Psychologists for Social Responsibility during 2007 and 2008. For PsySR I interviewed retired military personnel and a professional interrogator. I wrote a white paper based and this and with the help of another PsySR member rewrote sections of the APA code of ethics to address areas that implicitly permitted psychologists to participate in illegal and immoral activities requested by their employer. 4 pp.
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21. Life and Death Ethical Issues for Psychologists: Protecting yourself and your profession from corruption and murder. This brief essay was inspired by papers, speeches, testimony and discussions by psychologists at the Berlin conference of the International Congress of Psychologists, July, 2008.  It presents questions for psychologists in nations around the world, which can be answered via research. 2 pp.
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22. Five Horsemen of the Apocalypse; An Evolutionary Species Survival Theory of War and Peace. This paper presents a theory of warmongering and related traits as one aspect of a species survival mechanism.  The other aspect of this mechanism is a cluster of pro-social traits, including human rights endorsement.  These two trait clusters are proposed as an oscillation between warring and peaceful activity in human societies depending on population stresses on life-support resources. 12 pp.
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23. Terrorism endorsement.   Terrorism can be studied as a psychological trait in the form of "endorsement of terrorism".  This trait can be measured reliably with as few as 12 questionnaire items.  This article presents a measure of terrorism endorsement with reliability and validity data.

13 pp.
PDF

24. Sustainability endorsement.  Respect for the environment.  Respect for the environment and desire for sustainable policies and programs at the national level can be measured with brief questionnaires.  This article presents two such questionnaires with reliability and validity data. Two additional questionnaires are presented for future research use by the reader.

13 pp.
PDF

25. Intelligence and National Per Capita Income.  I.Q. data on over 100,000 children and adults from over 80 nations is presented, exploring the relationship between measured intelligence and nation income and distance from the equator.  Comparisons are made with prior similar research by Lynn and Vanhanan.  Measured intelligence effects with income and latitude appear only for older children and adults but not at all for very young children.  The implication is that intelligence differences between nations are simply reflections of educational system differences, not genetic ones.

13 pp.
PDF

26. The Psychology of Human Religious Beliefs; Evolutionary and Political Implications.  Psychologists for many decades have theorized about the possible presence of two different types of human religious thinking. They describe one form of religious thinking that is literal, rigid and associated with conflict, and another that is more humanistic and accepting of differences between peoples. This paper presents the results of a survey that presented a broad range of religious beliefs and values to participants for their ratings as favorable or unfavorable. Interestingly, the data cluster into two groups that correspond closely to the groups hypothesized in earlier theories.

13 pp.
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27. Exploring Humiliation as a Possible Psychological Cause of Major Human Conflict.  This study of 99 college students provides two measures of humiliation as a psychological trait and one measure of its conceptual opposite, dignity. Correlated with a wide range of additional personality traits.

40 pp.
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28. Social and Political Activism as Psychological Traits.  Social and political activism are measured with reliable scales of as few as five items. About 35 other traits are measured as well. The relationships between these traits are explored, primarily in terms of the traits of "promotional" and "oppositional" activists. 16 pp.
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29. Exploring Ethics to Understand Executive Choices Reflecting Disinterest in the Common Good .  The ethical orientations of executives in many organizations, private and public, have come into the spotlight of public concern in recent years. A questionnaire was drafted by the author in an attempt to clarify ethics that might underlie political and executive behavior of the sort brought into question by these recent political and economic events. Initial results for a study of 28 students are presented. 17 pp.
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30. Sixty-four Psychological Facets of Conservative and Liberal Worldviews.  Sixty-four psychological traits are measured along ten dimensions of political discourse and are shown to correlate as expected with conservative and liberal political preferences. 42 pp.
PDF

31. Disease Phobia Scale .  A study of 49 community college students yields a seven-item scale measuring fear of diseases correlated with high school GPA, age, gender, liberal and/or conservative politics and income. 2 pp.
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32. Psychological Correlates of Pro-Environmental Attitudes Endorsement of sustainable policies and programs is measured in two different questionnaires. Correlations between these measures and several other psychological measures are presented, demonstrating positive relationships between sustainability endorsement and several pro-social traits, e.g. kindly religious beliefs, human rights endorsement, endorsement of kindly religious beliefs, and endorsement of government serving citizens as members of the community overall. Negative correlations are found with several anti-social traits, including warmongering endorsement, endorsement of religious fundamentalism, social disenfranchisement, and endorsement of military dictatorship. Implications for possible evolutionary origins of these clusters of traits as aspects of liberal and conservative political orientations are discussed.

50 pp.
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33. Manual: Conservatism / Liberalism Study Questionnaire Scales.  Manual of psychological traits measured in study reported in publication #30, above. (Updated 12/30/2010) 68 pp.
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34. How to Promote Peace; Do's and Don'ts based on political psychology research.  Dr. McConochie reflects on the implications of his research for peace activists, educators, fellow psychologists and others who seek to apply research findings to be more effective peacemakers. 11 pp.
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35. Comparing A Two-Factor Theory of Religious Beliefs to a Four-Factor Theory of Isms.  Saucier's four general belief systems-- Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta-- are compared with McConochie's two general systems-- Religious Fundamentalism and Kindly Religious Beliefs. Both sets of traits relate to political attitudes while McConochie's characterizations appear to correlate more strongly with traits such as warmongering, human rights endorsement and related politically-relevant traits. 14 pp.
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36. What Liberals and Conservatives Really Think; Psychological Traits Differentiating Liberal from Conservative Worldviews. Replication Study Number 1. December 29, 2010.  60-plus psychological traits related to political attitudes are measured with questionnaire scales tapping hypothesized facets of liberal and conservative worldviews, confirming initial findings. The initial sample is augmented from about 55 to as many as 189, including a second West Coast community college sample and an East Coast university sample. This study confirms the high reliability and significant validity of the scales for differentiating liberal and conservative worldviews. 31 pp.
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37. Getting Beyond In-fighting; Resolving Conflict between Conservative and Liberal Political Worldviews to Address Global Warming. Jul 1, 2011.  Correlation data is presented documenting trait differences between liberal and conservative worldviews across more than ten dimensions of political discourse and three dimensions of ethical beliefs. However, mean score data documents basic similarities between liberals and conservatives across these same dimensions. Several predictions are offered as to how the majority of liberals and conservatives will unite in the future in a new type of political party and governing. . 28 pp.
PDF

38. How should we measure Conservatism and Liberalism? A comparison of single-item and multiple-item scales.  This paper presents four brief several-item scales for measuring the liberal and conservative worldviews and compares them with single-item measures as typically used in worldview research. The 10- to 12-item scales yield slightly more robust correlations with other traits, but the single-item scales typically yield correlations significant at the .01 level, indicating that even single-item self-report measures are reliable and valid. 14 pp.
PDF
39. Exploring psychological dimensions of liberal and conservative worldviews in national General Social Survey samples  Replication of studies on trait differences and similarities of liberal and conservative worldviews; General Social Survey data on large random samples of U.S. Citizens. 8 pp.
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40. Occupy Movement and other Citizen Desires for Government Changes Research report on the Occupy Movement and other citizen group desires for improved government services. 19 pp.
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41. Replication of Studies of Liberal and Conservative Worldview Facets; Analysis of Random Sample Data on 1201 Oregonians′ Political Opinions  Replication of public opinions research. 12 pp.
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42. A Philosophy of War Informed by Scientific Research  This essay is offered as an example of how scientific understanding of human nature can inform and deepen one's philosophy of war and peace. 7 pp.
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43. McConochie Warmongering-Proneness Scale  A 50-item scale for rating leaders on traits that correlate with warmongering endorsement is described, including the scale itself and reliability and validity data. The instrument is very reliable (.98) and valid (.90) and is offered as a tool for research and informing citizens of leader dispositions. 8 pp.
PDF
44. The Canary Effect; Apparent evidence of worldwide intelligence decline.  Research data on a quarter of a million children worldwide over a 10-year span that shows dropping scores that correlate negatively with WHO air pollution data for 2014 and increasing with age, consistent with the notion that air pollution is damaging the human brain, everywhere. 36 pp.
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45. A Brief Questionnaire Measure of Terrorism Endorsement  This paper is an expanded presentation of research with the author’s 12-item Terrorism Endorsement Scale (presented as paper # 23, above). 40 pp.
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46. Government Issues: Citizen ratings of personal importance and government performance  This research study demonstrates how citizens can provide reliable questionnaire opinions about what services they want from government along two dimensions: How important those services are to them and how well they think government is providing them. Information is gathered at the city, county, state and federal level for 70 services. 20 pp.
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47. Beyond the Flying Spaghetti Monster; Finding a meta-ethic to save the human species  This brief paper presents a proposal for a meta-religion to unite peoples of all religious and non-religious faiths to work cooperatively to prevent extinction of the human species. 4 pp.
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48. Party Time! How you can create common good democracy right now  Available at Amazon Books. 450 pages with index, references and study guide. This book summarizes the research in the papers above and presents a detailed model for a new political party that will appeal to the majority of both liberals and conservatives. More detail is available on Amazon. 450 pp.
BOOK (Amazon)
49. Warmongering and Terrorism Essay 6-15-17  A discussion of psychological traits of presidents and terrorists to inform our political decisions. 9 pp.
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